2015年1月31日 星期六

2015 日本教育旅行 Day 1_ 1102 Team1

日本神道教信仰

組員:黃仲麒,謝欣凱,吳冠潁,林峻毓,張庭維



神道,是日本原始宗教,以祭祀日本本土天神地祇為主,以日本皇祖皇宗的遺訓為內容,屬於泛靈多神信仰,視自然界各種動植物為神祇。

神道最開始沒有正式的名稱,一直到公元5世紀至8世紀,漢傳佛教經朝鮮半島百濟傳入日本,才慢慢的被日本人接受,而佛教第一次傳到日本的時候,神道教徒非常反對,但佛教的僧侶具有中國先進知識,因此被天皇認同,導致日本神道教失勢,然至8世紀末,佛教僧兵的權力亢進,天皇欲制衡佛教的勢力,因而神道再度得勢,兩種宗教逐漸互相混合,明治時期,百姓信仰兩宗教,而佛教寺院與神道的神社也非常相似。江戶時代,學者提出兩宗教不得混合,認為日本人都是神的後裔,而中國自古革命不斷,亂臣賊子眾多,自從佛教傳入後戰亂不斷,隨後神道教成為國家的宗教,崇拜神道為國名義務。日本文化廳統計日本有一億兩百萬的支持者,占了日本人口的85%。

日本神道祭祀包括了天神、地祇、人鬼的祭祀典禮。祭祀典禮又分大祀,中祀,小祀,祭祀內容包括各式各樣的神明,非常複雜。 

日本人一般在出生30100天內,都會被父母帶領參拜神社,在357歲的1115日所謂七五三節要參拜神社,每個神社門前有一個叫做「鳥居」的日本牌坊,正殿門楣上掛一鈴鐺,懸一粗繩,參拜者先要拉動粗繩,再大聲鼓掌以驚動神,然後雙手合一默默祈禱。

Japanese Shinto
Shinto, Japan's original religion, to worship the gods to only the Japanese mainland mainly to Japanese Emperor Huang Zu for the content of these teachings, are animistic polytheism, depending on the nature of a variety of plants and animals for the gods.

Shinto has no formal name beginning until the 5th century to the 8th century by the Korean Peninsula Chinese Buddhism was introduced into Japan Baekje, only slowly being accepted by the Japanese, and Buddhism to Japan for the first time when Shinto Christians are very much against, but the Buddhist monks have advanced knowledge of China, so it is the emperor recognized, leading Japanese Shinto losing ground, and then to the 8th century, the power of the Buddhist monk soldiers of hyperthyroidism, want to balance the Buddhist emperor forces, thus Shinto again got the upper hand, the two religions gradually mix with each other, the Meiji period, the people of faith the two religions, and Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines are also very similar. Edo period, two scholars of religion should not be mixed, think the Japanese are descendants of God, and the Chinese revolution continuously since ancient times, many Luanchenzeizi, since the introduction of Buddhism to the war continued, and then became the state religion of Shinto, Shinto worship for the country the name of duty. Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan statistics have two million one hundred supporters, accounting for 85% of Japan's population.

Japanese Shinto ritual includes gods, land only, ritual ceremonies were ghosts. Worship ritual ceremony was divided into large, medium and worship, small worship, worship includes a wide variety of gods, very complicated.

Japanese usually 30-100 days of birth, parents will be led by Yasukuni Shrine in 3,5,7 years old November 15 so-called seven hundred fifty-three To visit the shrine, each in front of a shrine called "Torii" Japanese torii , the main hall lintel hung a bell, hanging a rope, worshipers must first pull the rope, and then loud applause to disturb God, then hands one to pray silently.


奈良國家公園
奈良國家公園,也是奈良鹿公園,日本鹿公園是位在奈良縣立都市公園,總面積約660公頃,公園裡還包含了興福寺,東大寺,春日大社,奈良國立博物館等,園裡還蘊藏著許多國寶,奈良大佛跟鹿,在這公園裡是沒有柵欄的,所以小鹿可以自由自在在這裡面活動。周圍許多商店,小攤販,會販賣鹿餅,就是給鹿吃的餅乾,而老闆會要求大家在餵食之前,鹿要先學習點頭才能吃,這是一種禮貌。


Nara National Park
Nara National Park, is the Nara Deer Park, Deer Park is located in Japan, Nara Prefectural city park, with a total area of about 660 hectares, the park also contains Kofukuji, Todaiji, KasugaTaisha Shrine, Nara National Museum, the garden still bears many national treasures, Nara Buddha with deer in this park is no fence, so the deer can freely in the inside activities. Surrounded by many shops, small vendors will be selling deer cake, is to give the deer eat the cookies, and the boss will ask you before feeding deer must first learn nod to eat, this is a courtesy.




心得:
今天是來到日本的第一天,比想像的還要冷,帶著期待的心情,到了第一個景點,是東大寺還有奈良鹿公園,東大寺的建築是之前分了三次才修建完成的,建築外觀可以發現許多古代人寄託其中的寓意,一下車,成群的路就圍了過來,因為這裡沒有柵欄,鹿群們可以自由自在的走動,加上導遊發給我們的飼料,鹿群就像是發了瘋的迎向而來,不給他們吃的話,他們就會咬我們,最後我們只好落荒而逃,接著結束今天的行程,往飯店前進。
   
Today is the first day I came to Japan, colder than imagined, with their expectations, to the first attraction, there is Todaiji in Nara Deer Park, Todaiji building is only take three times before the completion of the construction, exterior of the building can be found in many ancient people which moral sustenance, the car, the road is surrounded by hordes over, because there is no fence, deer can move around freely, plus guides to us feed on deer Looking like a wild animal, do not give them to eat, they will bite us, and finally we had fled, followed by the end of today's trip to the hotel forward.


2015 日本教育旅行 Day 1_ 1101 Team2

日本泡湯文化及禮節介紹

組員:廖建群、韋欣慧張心怡闕廷珍 蔡昀庭



一、正確的泡湯方法:

1.需全身脫光

日本的溫泉通常是裸湯,也就是不能穿著泳衣、內衣褲或圍浴巾進入泉池,因此大家一定要再換一處(通常也是置衣間)脫除全身衣物後至於籃子或櫃子中,才進入泡湯區,也因此許多人會在房間內就換上浴衣,這樣穿脫上都會方便許多。

*浴衣穿法記憶口訣:右下左上

2.進入浴池前,請好好地沖澡

必須先沖洗身體的理由有二。第一是因為若不先好好地沖掉自己身上的汗水,以乾淨的身體進入浴池,大家一起使用的熱水就會變髒。第二是當身體還很冰冷時,就突然進入熱呼呼的浴池中,血壓會因為溫差過大而急速上升。「沖澡」的順序基本上是先從腳部、手部沖洗,最後再從頭部沖下來。此時,一邊仔細地洗掉身上的污垢,一邊習慣熱水的溫度。

3.毛巾勿入浴

4.不要一下子就泡到肩膀:

沖完澡之後,再慢慢地進入浴池裡。因為溫泉不是游泳池,切勿直接跳進去。如果一下子就將整個身體泡到溫泉裡面,全身會因為強烈的水壓,而讓心臟產生 負擔,也會造成在浴池中濺起水花,打擾到周圍的泡湯客。因此,先從腳慢慢地、靜靜地伸進浴池中,暫時先泡到身體一半的高度即可。等上半身都暖和起來之後,再慢慢地泡到肩膀為止。

*沖澡建議順序:腳部手部從頭往下沖,這樣的方式可以讓大家在泡溫泉之前更快適應水溫。

5.勉強泡湯過久,會對身體造成傷害:

自古日本即流傳「泡湯要數到100為止」的說法,但卻有人為了達到溫泉療效,即便已經想要起身離開浴池,但還是勉強自己泡長湯 。所謂的長湯,就是長時間泡在浴池中,這種勉強泡湯的方式,正是陷入稱為「暈池 」的危險狀態的原因。最推薦的泡湯時間為510分鐘,但是由於每個人的身體狀況與忍受能力都不同,建議大家只要覺得不適或無法忍受時,就要慢慢起身離開浴池並休息。

*泡湯建議次數:每次510分鐘,一天最多以三次為佳。

6.根據溫泉性質不同決定泡湯完畢是否要沖澡:

泡完湯後,附著在身體上的溫泉成份,最好不要再沖澡洗掉。不妨一邊注意泡完湯不要讓身體著涼,一邊讓皮膚自然乾燥,從皮膚吸收有效成份。但若泡的是像具有強酸性溫泉及硫化氫溫泉等刺激性強的溫泉,泡完後放任不管,容易引起皮膚因為泡湯造成「潰爛」的情形,所以皮膚敏感的人,最好還是再沖一次澡,將其洗掉為佳。另外,若泡的是循環式溫泉,也要好好地再將身體洗淨。

*泡湯後記得:多喝水、避免著涼。

二、正確的泡湯禮儀:

◎在沖洗處先沖洗身體及頭髮。
◎好好沖掉肥皂泡沫後再進入浴池。
◎不要在沖洗處洗衣物。
◎入浴時要將頭髮盤起。
◎不要將毛巾帶進浴池中。
◎進入浴池時不要濺起水花。
◎不要浪費水源及溫泉。
◎沖澡時請勿站立,以免水花濺到旁人。
◎請勿在泉池中擦洗身體或洗頭。
◎請勿在泉池中飲食。
◎起身後請勿讓身體滴水,可用小毛巾拭乾。
◎若身上有刺青勿入浴。


Japanese bathing culture and etiquette presentation


Proper bathing methods:

1. The need to strip the body.
Japan's hot springs are usually bare soup, which is not wearing a swimsuit, underwear or towels into the springs around the pool, so we must back a post (usually set between clothes) As for the removal of the body clothes basket or cabinet before into the bathing area, and therefore many people in the room to put on a bathrobe, so on will be a lot easier to wear off.
*Memory bathrobe worn formulas: left right

2. Before entering the tub, make a good shower.
You must wash the body, there are two reasons. The first is due to take place without first flush of his body sweat to clean the body into the tub of hot water with everyone will use dirty. The second is when the body is still very cold, suddenly enters the warm tub, blood pressure because of the temperature difference is too large and rapid rise. "Shower" in order to start basically foot, hand washing, and finally washed down from the head. At this time, while carefully washed off the body of dirt, while the temperature of the hot water habit.

3. Do not bath towels.

4. Do not suddenly bubble to shoulder.
Flush after bath, then slowly into the tub. Because the spa is not a swimming pool, do not jump into. If all of a sudden the whole body will soak into the springs inside the body because of the intense pressure, and let the heart to produce affordable, can also cause splashing in the tub, bathing disturb the surrounding passengers. Therefore, starting with the feet and slowly, quietly into his tub, being the first half of the height of the bubble to the body can be. After all, such as the upper body warm up, then slowly soak into the shoulders up.
*Shower recommended order: foot scratch down the red hand, in such a way so that everyone can quickly adapt to the hot springs before the water temperature.

5. barely bathing too long, will cause any harm.
That spread in Japan since ancient times, "bathing want to count to 100 so far," the statement, but it was to reach the spa effect, even have wanted to get up and leave baths, but still barely long soak own soup. The so-called long-soup, is a long soak in the tub, which barely wasted a way, it is caught in a dangerous state reasons called "halo pool" of. And heat stroke and other symptoms, like bathing also let your body is exposed to more than their own body temperature environment, so when too reluctantly, blood pressure and heart rate will rise too high, sometimes to the extent of not stand the pain turned into walking. If the temperature of the bath, you can bust the bubble bath for a long time, but if it is in the hot tub, the best after a dip in a while, it got to the outside pool, a rest and then go in the bubble, so the cycle would be better. Due to the spa water temperature will be higher than the average human body, in order to avoid a rapid rise in blood pressure because of the temperature difference, the risk of fainting, you can start slowly into the foot bath, etc. After the body to adapt to, and then let the water level above the heart. Most recommended bathing time is 5 to 10 minutes, but because each person's physical condition and ability to endure is different, we recommend that you only feel uncomfortable or intolerable, it is necessary to leave the tub slowly got up and rest.

*Recommends bathing times: every 5 to 10 minutes, three times a day, in order to better.

The spa is complete different nature bathing decide whether you want to take a shower:
Paowan soup, attached to the spa body composition, it is best not to take a shower to wash. Side note Paowan soup might not let the body cold, while the skin to dry naturally, away from the skin to absorb the active ingredient. However, if the bubble is like having a strong acidic hydrogen sulfide hot springs spa and spa strong irritant, Paowan laissez-faire attitude, prone to skin caused by circumstances because bathing "fester", so people with sensitive skin, it is best then washed a bath, wash it better. In addition, if the bulb is circulating hot springs, and then have a good body wash.

After bathing remember: drink plenty of water, avoid the cold.
Proper bathing etiquette:
flushing at first wash the body and hair.
good soap suds and then flushed into the tub.
Do not wash at the laundry.
To  hair coiled up when bathing.
Do not use a towel into the tub.
Do not splash when entering the tub.
Do not waste water and hot springs.
Do not stand at the shower, so as not to spray splashed others.
Do Springs pool body scrub or shampoo.
Do Springs pool diet.
Do not let the body up dripping, used a small towel drying.
If the body has tattoos do not bathing.




心得:
拖著疲憊卻雀躍的心情來到飯店的溫泉,大家都是第一次泡大眾裸湯第一次跟同學坦誠相見,非常害羞跟緊張,但是到日本不泡湯就別說過自己去日本玩過,泡湯不但能養顏美容也能放鬆身心與朋友好好享受日本與眾不同的經驗,我想經過一晚的休息,明天大家一定能精神飽滿的繼續下一戰!

With tiring but exciting feeling, we arrived at the hotel with hot spring. This was the first time we went to the hot spring and see our classmated naked, we were shy and embarrassed. You can not say you have been to Japan without going to the hot spring. Hot spring can not only relax and good for your skin. I think been through one night of rest, we can have enough energy to prepare tomorrow’s trip.


2015 日本教育旅行 Day 1_ 1101 Team1



日本佛教與東大寺

組員吳昕如莊善淳韓濡文黃暄雅許傳昌鄭向廷



一、日本佛教

以大勝佛教為主流,受漢傳﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽   佛教的影響而形成,漢傳佛教、上座不佛教、藏傳佛教合稱世界四大佛教傳統。佛教在飛鳥時代傳入日本,奈良時代與平安時代開始發展。

The extant branches of Buddhism is recognized in the Mahayana. Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since at least 552 AD, the arrival of Buddhism in Japan is from China, the development of Buddhism is catagorized:Asuka Period (546 to 645),  Nara Period (645 to 794)Heian Period (794 to 1185), Kamakura Period (1185–1333), Muromachi Period (or Ashikaga) (1336–1573), Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573–1600) and Edo Period (or Tokugawa)(1600–1868), Meiji Restoration (1868–1912)

1、飛鳥時代

日本佛教初期的建立,歸功於聖德太子的推展。他下詔興隆佛法,創建寺院,親自宣講佛經及著疏,並以佛教為國教。

Asuka Period : Shōtoku, recognized as a great intellectual of this period of reform, was the first person who brought the Buddhism.

2、奈良時代

奈良時代傳承飛鳥時代的護佛政策,以興隆佛教來護國祐民。聖武天皇興建壯麗宏偉的東大寺,鑄造世界有名的奈良大佛,正式確立日本佛教的戒法。

Nara Period: inherit the policy of protecting Buddhism from Asuka Period. Todaiji was also built in this period. Japan’s Buddhism was established firmly since then.

3、平安時代

平安前期的佛教,以最澄和空海從唐朝傳入的天台及真言宗最盛。最澄入唐,兼學密、禪、戒各宗,日本佛教因此具有復合性,融和而成日本特色的天台教。

Heian Period (794 to 1185):Byōdō-in (Pure Land sect), located in Uji, Kyoto
During the Heian period the capital was shifted from Nara to Kyoto. Monasteries became centers of powers, even establishing armies of Sōhei, warrior-monks.

4、鎌倉時代

經過慘烈內戰後,開展了鎌倉幕府時代。在佛教方面,新興宗派紛紛出現,奈良六宗亦有復興之勢,新舊佛教之間產生多元化的互動與影響。

Kamakura Period (1185–1333):The Kamakura period was a period of crises in which the control of the country moved from the imperial aristocracy to the samurai. In 1185 the Shogunate was established at Kamakura.

5、室町時代

由於社會動亂之故,佛教亦由鼎盛而至衰微。唯有禪宗因武士的歸仰及其“明心見性”的宗旨,產生混合禪味的日本茶道、花道、書道和劍道。

Muromachi Period (or Ashikaga) (1336–1573): This period saw the introduction of the two schools that had perhaps the greatest impact on the country: the Amidist Pure Land schools, promulgated by evangelists such as Genshin and articulated by monks such as Hōnen, which emphasize salvation through faith in Amitabha and remain the largest Buddhist sect in Japan; and the more philosophical Zen schools, promulgated by monks such as Eisai and Dogen, which emphasize liberation through the insight of meditation, which were equally rapidly adopted by the upper classes and had a profound impact on Japanese culture.

6、江戶時代

戰國時代的動亂結束後,德川家康在江戶設置幕府,頒行“鎖國政策”,以禁止耶穌教及其他容易引起動亂的活動。德川家康是淨土宗的信徒,因此努力保護佛教。

Edo Period 1600–1868):After the Sengoku period of war, Japan was re-united in the Azuchi–Momoyama period. This decreased the power of Buddhism, which had become a strong political and military force in Japan. Neo-Confucianism and Shinto gained influence at the expense of Buddhism, which came under strict state control. Japan closed itself off to the rest of the world. The only traders to be allowed were Dutchmen admitted to the island of Dejima.

7、明治維新之後

孝明天皇開始“明治維新”。明治天皇在明治元年(1868)頒布神佛分離令,以神道教為國教,迫令僧侶沿用俗姓,甚至鼓勵僧侶食肉帶發娶妻。佛教界因此集合信徒發起“護法一揆” (團結一致)運動來反抗,才獲得停止,但有日本淨土真宗受其影響。

Meiji Restoration till today:During the Meiji period (1868–1912), after a coup in 1868, Japan abandoned its feudal system and opened up to Western modernism. Shinto became the state religion.  Rinzai and Soto Zen chose to adapt, trying to modernize Zen in accord with Western insights, while simultaneously maintaining a Japanese identity. Other schools, and Buddhism in general, simply saw their influence wane. The edict of April 1872 ended the status of the buddhist precepts as state law and allowed monks to marry and to eat meat.


二、奈良國立公園

奈良公園是奈良縣奈良市若草山麓的都市公園。內包含東大寺、梅花鹿公園及春日大社外苑。

Nara Prefecture international park is an urban park, including Todaiji, deer park and Kasuga-taisha.



1、東大寺

東大寺位於日本奈良縣,距今約有一千二百多年的歷史,因建築在當時首都平城京以東,所以被稱作東大寺。東大寺於七二八年由信奉佛教的聖武天皇建立,大佛殿寬五十七米、深五十米、高四十八米,為現今世界上最大的木造結構建築。一九九八年作為「古奈良的歷史遺跡」之組成部份,被聯合國列為世界文化遺產。

Todaiji is located in Japan more than 1200 years.  This archetecture is named from the location of the capital, East of Ping City.  This temple was established by  the San Wu Emperior who is sincere bouhdist. The facade of the Bouhda statue is 5.7 meters width, 50 meters depth, 48 meters height. This temple is the biggest wooden archetecture in the world so far. The composition of the"   Ancient Nara Historical heritage" has already been recorded the World Cultural Heritage by the United Nations.



2、梅花鹿公園

東大寺旁就是梅花鹿公園,再走進東大寺的沿路,可以看到成群的梅花鹿在公園裡逛街。公園裡總共飼養1200頭的梅花鹿。完全不怕人的鹿,沿路上的土產店賣有「鹿仙貝」,是這些鹿的飼料,供遊客購買。只要嗅到鹿仙貝的味道,鹿兒就用鼻尖頂你,十分可愛。

The deers are not afraid of the tourists. Along the souvenir shops which sell " deer snacks", you can buy their food and feed the deers. As soon as the deers smell the snacks, they will touch you by their nose or bite you gentlely, that makes the tourists very happy.



3、春日大社
春日大社是一座位於日本奈良縣奈良市奈良公園內的神社。舊稱春日神社。建於和銅二年(710年)。神社例祭日為313日(春日祭)。建設者為藤原不比等。作為古都奈良的文化財的一部分而被登入世界文化遺產之列。為二十二社之一。

Kasuga-taisha is a shrine which located in Nara prefecture. An old saying calls Kasuga shrine. There are four big gods to sacrifice, it’s a shrine of Fujiwara family. The birthday is 13th March. Kasuga Shrine, and the Kasugayama Primeval Forest near it, are registered as a World Heritage Site as part of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara". It is one of the twenty-two shrines.

在日本神社看到最多的就是水手舍,主要提供參拜者進入祭祀前先在此處洗手、漱口,象徵洗淨不乾淨的事物。按照禮俗順序,通常會在水盤裡放置勺子並注滿清水,參拜者首先用勺子取一瓢水,洗完左右手後,將水倒在手裡漱口,然後再洗一次左手,將勺子中剩下的水來清洗勺子。這樣就完成了標準的程序。

The most famous is washing hand shrine, main provides people to wash hand and rinse the mouth. This represents to clean everything that is uncleaned. According to etiquette and custom’s manner, we will put a spoon in the plate and fill with clean water. People first use a spoon to get a wooden laden of water to wash both left and right hand, then pour the water in your hand to rinse the mouth, then wash again your left hand. The left water in spoon is ised to clean the spoon. This is a proper manner to do in the shrine.

多數神社內還有繪馬,類似許願留言板,在許願木板上寫下自己的心願,掛在神社內,便會心想事成喔!

Most of the shrine have “painting horse”, it is sort of a wish message board. Write down your own wishes on the wooden board and hang in the shrine, your wish will soon fulfill!



心得:
一踏上日本,乾燥的空氣,令人感到舒爽,印象最深的是東大寺的鹿,鹿多,又肥,便便更多,這裡的鹿不怕冷,只要手上有食物,就好像化身為鹿媽,被鹿群團團圍住,這是一個常新奇的體驗。
  東大寺比想像中的壯觀,裡面的佛像非常古樸,裡面有根柱子缺了個洞,據說只要鑽的過去的人就會受到祝福,大家躍躍欲試。一旁掛有合格繪馬,同學也去購買繪馬許下考上好大學的心願。今天的行程雖然不多,但充滿新奇,相信接下來的行程也會如此美好。

            When we first step on Japan, the dry air made us felt relax. The most unforgettable was the deer in Todaiji. There were many deer and they are fat. They were not afriad of the cold weather, if we had food in our hand, they would quickly stood around you. This is a very new experience.
            Todaiji was majestic than we thought, the Buddihism inside was very plain. It was said if people could get through the pillar with a hole, their wish would come true. Thus, everybody was very exciting. Around there were boards to write down their wishes. Students made their wishes to entrace a good college. Although today’s schedule wasn’t full, but filled with joyful. We believe the coming schedule will be as wonderful as today’s.