2011年4月19日 星期二

馬來西亞華文教育發展史

國際部校長:吳志弘


  19世紀中葉,英國成立海峽殖民地(檳榔嶼、新加坡和麻六甲),需要勞工開發當地資源;加上清朝政府連連被歐洲列強打敗,簽署許多不平等條約,其中“北京條約的簽訂促使英國開始引入中國勞工前來開荒,是造成華裔先賢南移的主要原因,這批華裔勞工主要來自“廣東省”和“福建省,大多來自農村本身沒受過什麼教育。


  19世紀末,康有為和梁啟超等人前來宣傳現代學堂。1904年,在檳榔嶼創辦第一所現代華文學校 --- 中華學堂。20世紀初期,現代化學堂如雨後春筍般在馬、新蓬勃創辦,尊孔學堂(尊孔中學的前身)於1906年創立。 現代華文學校興起,激發馬來亞華人對中國的認同,滿清王朝的衰亡及中華民國的誕生,提高馬來亞華人的政治意識。英殖民政府為了控制受到中國政治運動影響的華校師生,壓制反殖民主義的思想,於1920年實施《學校註冊法令》,企圖阻擋華校發展。

  二次世界大戰的爆發(1941-1945年),華校師生因為支持抗日運動慘遭殺害,華文教育從此進入“黑暗時期”。大部分學校被日軍充作行政用途,停止上課。日軍投降後,華文學校的基本設施受到極大的破壞,但在華社齊心合力之下,很快速地復辦。马来西亞獨立後因恐華校教育影响華裔对国家的效忠,特於1956年頒佈《拉萨报告书》,通過以馬來文为教学媒介的教育制度。 華裔士紳誓死抵抗此惡法,進而被逼放棄馬來西亞政府的所有補助,成立獨立自主的華校系統,延續華校教育的香火,此華校教育體制即稱為「獨立中學」。





掌握「馬新國際教育旅行」最新訊息,請鎖定 康橋雙語實驗高中facebook粉絲專頁 喔!



2011年4月18日 星期一

馬新國際教育旅行:第一天






心得發表者 : G9A 王敬瑜、張宸碩

今天是我們馬新國際教育旅行的第一天,也是我們在馬來西亞文化之旅的第一天。途中,我們到了許多具有馬來文化薰陶的眾多景點。這些景點包括獨立廣場,默迪卡廣場,國家英雄紀念碑以及皇宮,我們也發現了一些馬來西亞多樣化的宗教習俗,口味截然不同的小吃(當然包括一些馬來人的飲食習慣),及諸多不同人種的差異。律上喜多的清真寺,教堂和廟宇反映出了馬來西亞在宗教上的特點,沒有一個宗教占了超過50%的人口,伊斯蘭教,基督教,佛教都有很多人信奉。也發現了很多有趣的事實,例如說:再向麥當勞和漢堡王那樣的速食店裡,妳不會發現豬肉的存在,因為幕斯林對豬肉很反感。從宗教人口的結構上,我們發現了馬來西亞是由不同人種組成的。各大主要人種的比例都占超過30%,有華人,馬來人和印度人。


心得發表者 : G9A Tiffany

我覺得回教是個非常不得了的宗教。它在世界上很多的國家有廣大的信徒,雖然有些禁忌是不得不遵守的,但是宗教能慰藉人們的心靈,讓人們感到安全,有希望,可以祈禱,可以信任。虔誠的信徒甚至在各個地方設置寺廟,在各個角落裡貼上麥加的正確方向,讓信徒們在旅行或是需要祈禱或慰藉時,得已朝正確的方向進行禱告的動作,而信徒們也會隨時攜帶一塊地毯,可以跪下念古蘭經,即使麥加的方向面向的是一間廁所,信徒們也會因為信仰的虔誠而視而不見,就只是為了得到一點點的安慰與安全感。全世界回教的信徒是可觀的、廣大的,他們散布全世界,都只信任一個神,而就算我們的國家的信仰不同,也應當尊重並了解各個不同的宗教,那是一種態度,神對他們就像是個神聖的象徵,我們如果嘲笑他或是不尊重他,就等於是在羞辱他們信徒信任的方向,反而會使我們更顯得無知而沒有文化風度與肚量狹隘。


心得發表者 : G9A Shannie

每個宗教都有他不一樣的地方。有些實用的東西和經書所陳述的內容所表現的方式會不一樣,行事的目的也會不一樣,而共同點則是勸人為善,希望大家都和平相處。古蘭經在回教徒心目中的地位,就像聖經對基督徒的重要性一樣。古蘭經的內容不僅給予回教徒道德引導,還記錄了許多生活上的指導,以及必須遵行的戒律規範。我覺得最特別的地方是在於不吃豬肉的原因,因為大部分的宗教不吃肉都是因為覺得動物也是一種生命,但回教徒竟然是因為覺得不乾淨而不吃。


心得發表者 : G9A Vivian

回教是全世界最多人信的宗教,但是這件事我十分難以相信。 深入瞭解回教文化後,我發現回教跟別的宗教比起來多了一點限制跟規定。很特別的是,他們的宗教藝術都是由幾何圖形構成的!這點就跟別的宗教差很多!不過從眾多的規定與回教藝術來看,就知道信回教的人是十分虔誠的。也因為這份虔誠,回教國家的秩序都很好,而且都很守規矩。不過回教的規定也很多,而且我覺得有些好像有限制女性的人權,所以我大概受不了吧!回教的文化也十分有趣,因為他們一直以來都有保留原本的文化,所以他們的文化十分深遠。雖然回教的限制很多,但是我還是十分欣賞回教文化呢!


心得發表者 : G9A Tina

我覺得是回教的人真的是不容易的事,他們不但要遵守很多規定,而且還要禁忌很多東西,像很多事情他們須遵守的,像女人不能露臉,不能吃豬肉,到七月得禁止吃東西,喝東西,還有一生至少要去一次沙烏地阿拉伯的首都,那裡是一個最大的教堂,很多人都會在那邊禱告,真的很不容易,覺得很佩服他們按部就班的精神,要是換作是我的話,早就瘋掉了吧,但重點是,他們每一個人都對神很忠誠,不會對神不尊敬,每一個都是很誠心誠意地在跟神祈禱,是一個值得欣賞的宗教,我覺得我應該要跟他們學習,他們實在太遵守規定了,就算怎麼禁足他們也不抱怨,顯得我們很沒有忍耐力.


心得發表者 : G9A 康雨禾、洪華薇

今天在馬來西亞學到了很多,我發現馬來西亞人用的語言很特別,常常聽到有英語有台語有華語又有馬來語,甚至還有嘰哩呱啦的說一些不知道哪一國的語言,似懂非懂的,很有趣!後來聽導遊老師說原來馬來西亞有分成四類的人,分別是:馬來西亞人,華裔,原住民和印度人。華裔又有分成四種,分別是:潮州人,福建人,廣東人和客家人。我們的導遊就是潮州人呢! 在這裡的小吃也是別俱特色,因為這裡是個回教國家,禁止吃豬肉;所以當地的速食店便會因為客人的文化與需求做調整。就像馬來西亞的麥當勞,將所有的豬排堡改成雞排堡或者是牛排堡。不然也許今日就看不到傳說的麥當勞了!在這裡的印度料理也很有名,有印度拉茶、印度甩餅,甚至印度咖哩。聽導遊說因為麻六甲有特別的香料,所以就算再怎麼厲害的主廚都無法與印度的師父相比,雖然還沒有親自體驗,但,我相信一定很好吃。





掌握「馬新國際教育旅行」最新訊息,請鎖定 康橋雙語實驗高中facebook粉絲專頁 喔!



馬新國際教育旅行 4/18-4/29 活動規劃

國際部校長:吳志弘

  康橋雙語實驗高中「馬新國際教育旅行」出發囉!全校一百二十六名九年級學生四月十八日出發前往馬來西亞及新加坡,展開為期十二天的學習之旅。

  全球貿易自由化和區域經濟整合成為現階段國際經貿發展的主要潮流,馬來西亞及新加坡主導成立的「東協自由貿易區(AFTA)」,對亞洲各國及臺灣未來經貿發展將帶來相當程度之衝擊。 馬新十二天國際教育旅行的教學主題包含:


(一)區域經濟探討:

  1. 東協自由貿易區

  2. 東協加三自由貿易區

  3. 新加坡、馬來西亞經濟現況

(二)生態探索:

  1. Taman Negara 熱帶雨林國家公園

  2. 瓜拉雪蘭莪馬來村螢火蟲生態

  3. 新加坡新生水展覽館

  4. 新加坡飛禽公園

(三)歷史及文化深耕:

  1. 馬來文化

  2. 回教文化

  3. 聯合國人類文化遺產

  4. 新加坡文化

  5. 印度文化

  6. 娘惹文化

(四)教育交流:

  1. 馬來西亞尊孔獨立中學教育交流

  2. 新加坡德明政府中學教育交流


  此活動的教學目標是期許即將前往歐美就讀大學的康橋學子在十二天的活動中,能分析馬來西亞及新加坡兩國在歷史、文化、經濟及生態環境幾個面向發展的脈絡,並以合作學習的模式及實際入班上課、浸潤式文化體驗用理解的方式去探索,而非用背誦的方式去學習。期許康橋學子能對東協經濟體能有初步的認識,培養「由亞洲出發,邁向世界」成為「具國際競爭力的社會菁英」。



星馬教育旅行課程計畫 請點我


星馬教育旅行行前作業 請點我




掌握「馬新國際教育旅行」最新訊息,請鎖定 康橋雙語實驗高中facebook粉絲專頁 喔!



2011年2月7日 星期一

2/4: Day 12 of the Mayan Trip馬雅探索

Hi, KCBS:

Today was the last day on the cruise!  The HASSE staff members planned a full day for the kids.  To start off, the kids still had breakfast.  I could see it in their eyes, but after days of gluttony, indulging in endless supply of food, their better sense of health finally caught up.  So, it became easier to drag the kids away from the buffet breakfast.  Before, it was like pulling the kids by their legs, having them hanging on horizontally onto their plate of food, now, some of the kids leave the buffet before we even sat down!

The first class we had today was not taught by Dr. Barnhart, but a cruise member.  Did we find a cruise member who happens to be an expert in Mayan civilization like Dr. Barnhart?  The answer would be no,because the class was towel folding!  Yup, the cruise member has been delighting us with a different animal each day made out of their towel.  So, we went and learned how to make animals out of a large bath towel with a small face towel.  I am proud to say that I now can make an elephant and a dog out of towels!  So, whenever I have guests over my house for the holidays, I'll know how to entertain them. Hahaha!

After the stimulating class to start off the day, the kids moved onto to Dr. Barnhart's last lecture on the Mayan hieroglyphics.  The ship was rocking a bit heavier due to the weather change, so many kids actually feel a bit seasick.  Under the circumstances, they still did their best to listen as Dr. Barnhart talked about the background.  In the end, the students were asked to write out their own name using Mayan hieroglyphics.  The kids enjoyed that part of the lecture, and it was an excellent way to end the lessons!  Now, the kids have something that they can take away with them back home.

In the afternoon, the kids had some free time to use the facilities on the cruise ship and to prepare their group dance for the farewell party.  A few students were goofing around, but the majority of the students really took the time and made the effort to improve their dancing.  In the middle of that, we also had a class lined up for the kids and the staff members to learn country line dancing!  Yes,obviously, I was not part of the meeting in the previous night to decide on the day's agenda.  If I were, the towel folding and the country line dancing would NOT be on the agenda.  But, since I am such a cooperative person,I participated!

Then, just when I thought I could not have embarrassed myself even more, the HASSE staff members informed me, with trepidation, that they had decided to do a dance routine for the kids.  I was like,would somebody please shoot me out of my misery?  So, we had about 1 hour to prepare for the party.  I was reluctant, but being the professional that I am, I put in my best effort.

The farewell party started late and in a disorganized fashion because the groups all wanted some extra time.  Once the party started, everybody had a smile on his or her face the whole time!  We started with the dance done by the adult chaperons, then proceeded to the group's dance routine.  Dr. Barnhart handed out his certificate to the students for completing the course.  My memory became fuzzy after that because I became hungry!  But I think there was a part where all of us sat in a circle to share and reflection on this experience.  Each kid had a lot to say.  Some kids talked about their interesting findings, funny anecdotes, and new friendships.  A few students cried, and so did the staff members.  My eyes were red, but mostly because I was hungry.  I don't cry when I am happy, and I was pretty happy with the experience.

The day did not end with the farewell party; there were still the checking out procedures.  The kids were asked to pack and put their luggage outside their cabin.  All the kids wanted to stay up later AND go watch the sunrise.  I ran in my pajamas around to get money from the kids, to remind the kids to get things done before leaving, it was a mess!  Luckily, everybody got his/her large suitcase outside the cabin on time.  After that, I went to sleep and had no recollection of what happened afterward.  Sorry!  But I do remember going to bed feeling happy because the trip has been very successful and I am very glad that everyone is going home feeling satisfied!

Have a good day! We're coming home soon!

Frankie

2011年2月3日 星期四

2/3: Day 11 of the Mayan Trip: 馬雅探索: 墨西哥Cozumel島,馬雅的古老智慧

Hi, KCBS:

Early in the morning today, we docked at the shore of an island along Mexico called Cozumel.  The kids didn't have to get up so early because we weren't going to get off the ship as early as yesterday.  So, we all had some extra to sleep and to enjoy our breakfast,an entire hour! Woohoo~

The beautiful scenery at the port of Cozumel really took our breaths away!  First of all, the water was sparkling blue; one could see crystal clear all the way to the bottom of the ocean abyss!  Secondly, the architecture reminds me of Greek architecture for the two styles share the same white walls.  Greek architecture's white is accompanied by rich ocean blue, but Cozumel's white is complimented by the warm earthy brown.  Thirdly, the stores, the ornate decorations, and the overall warmth of Cozumel port overwhelm the visitors with a genuine sense of welcome!

We literally had to rope all the kids together because all the stores were calling out to them,luring them into spending!  After we blinded all the kids with threats and run them off to the meeting place, we were greeted by Remundo and his family with two vans.  There are no buses allowed on the island of Cozumel, how interesting!  When we piled the kids up into the vans, we found out that the first van couldn't start.  That gave the kids about 15 minutes of free time.  The kids exhibited their potential as Asian shoppers,picking up random stuff.  The counselors were on task and got everybody water!  Once we were on our, the second van died, twice!  I, unfortunately, was in the second van.  The first it died on me, I managed to perform my miracle of the day and brought it back to life,hahaha!  But when it died again for the second time, even I couldn't bring it back to life.  So, we waited on the side of road for the first van to come back to pick us up.  When we saw the first van, we screamed in disbelief because everybody was still on the bus!  What good was that?  I just burst out laughing!  Dr. Barnhart instructed the bus driver to drop off the people and come back for us because there was no way we were doing the human pancakes,no matter how close we have become as a group!  That took another 20 minutes before we finally all made it to the site.  We quickly entered the ruin site and tried to make up for the lost time.

The second ruin site was different than the first site in two different ways.  First, the site is situated in a midst of a jungle instead of an opened area.  Second, the site's architectural style was different, including the texture of the limestone used.  Dr. Barnhart continued to dazzle us with his detailed explanations and anecdotal stories.  While checking out the different buildings, I discovered that there was a whole clan of iguanas! Once I pointed it out, I think that was the end of it!  Everybody exclaimed and left Dr. Barnhart,nearly trampled over the two of us!  I think Dr. Barnhart wanted to throw one in my face!  Just kidding!  He and I just laughed it off and explained to the kids that we were actually intruding in their territory and we need to show respect.

Dr. Barnhart told us a cool folklore about respecting nature.  He explained that there is a spirit in the jungle that reads our mind.  It will appear in the form of a person we love the most and try to envelope us through hugging or giving us kisses.  Once we adhere to its request, then it will show its true hideous form and take our spirit!  The only ways to prevent this from happening are to examine its feet because they are always in its original form and to remember that it is impossible to have your mother or significant other suddenly appear in the middle of a Mayan jungle,Dr. Barnhart obviously doesn't know the power of my mother or all mothers! Hahaha!  The kids didn't really get the point, so one of the counselors had to have a "heart to heart" with the kids.  I simply resorted to ignoring them because I enjoy the walk through the jungle myself.

When we got to a set of old Mayan structures, Dr. Barnhart let each group of students help him do the measurements and record them on a data sheet.  The kids were exhausted and hot by then, but when it was their group's turn, the kids were relatively cooperative and efficient.  Dr. Barnhart and I used our iPhones to confirm the mathematical proportion of these structures, and amazingly, the ancient Mayans were very accurate considering the fact that they just had sticks and rope for measurement.

When we finished the tour, there were three functioning vans waiting for us to make up for the morning!  Dr. Barnhart drove the third bus, and off we returned to the port.  Once we got there, the kids were given about an hour for shopping.  I bought some American snacks that I have been craving, and the kids went on a souvenir hunt!  Everybody made it back to the meeting point on time and we boarded the ship again!

The kids had earned their free time that afternoon, so some went to the pool, some walked around, and others were into games.  I had a leisure lunch with Dr. Barnhart, and then I joined the kids at the ping pong table for a friendly tournament.  It was a beautiful sunny and breezy afternoon, and our game area had the perfect view of the sunset.  So, there were three teachers and about ten students on the tournament, and slowly the number went down.  In the end, a student from KCBS named William stayed in the round the longest,beating everybody.  Just fort the record?Kthe teachers all let him win! Heehee~

That's pretty much it...the Carnival Ecstasy sailed off at around 4pm, heading back to Galveston, Texas.  We are scheduled to dock on the morning of February 5th.  Yeah,we are finally going to go home!

Frankie









2011年2月2日 星期三

2/2: Day 10 of the Mayan Trip:馬雅探索: 登陸古文明遺址的神祕國度

Hi, KCBS:

We had a long and exciting day of learning!  Everybody had to be up having breakfast by 6:30am because we had to disembark the ship by 7:45am.  We asked the kids to eat a lot because they had a full day ahead of them.

After being swaying back and forth for a day and a half, we finally step onto land.  However, we kept swaying for the entire day, even when we were climbing the ruins.  Dangerous!  Hahaha!  We were greeted by Dr. Barnhart's bus with a bus driver ready to drive us to the ruin we were visiting.

Words do not do justice to describe the ruin site,the architecture, the intricate detail, the profound meaning, and the sheet grandeur,amazingly breath-taking!  For the first time on this trip, I allowed myself to be completely immersed in the history as it echoes and calls out to modern humanity, trying to make a connection!  Being uncontrollably moved, I realized that indeed I have chosen the right academic discipline ~ art history!  Dr. Barnhart's personal friend and tour guide for the day was Philippe.  He is a night guard for the ruin who has been investigating how the Temple of the Seven Dolls is actually an ancient Mayan observatory through meticulous observation and recording.  The entire tour was done in Spanish, then translated into English by Dr. Barnhart, and then translated into Chinese.  We went from a temple near the entrance, to a Spanish church in the middle, to a pool area, up around to a long administrative structure, then through a path to the Temple of the Seven Dolls.  Inside the temple, we saw the original roof and the genius of the ancient Mayan's architectural calculation to help them with astronomical observation.  I listened to the information given by Philippe in awe because it showed that the Mayans were indeed very advanced in their knowledge in astronomy!  Some kids thought the weather was hot and got tired of walking, but I enjoyed the walk and didn't mind the heat.  I wanted to spend the entire day at the ruins, admiring all of what it has to offer!

Unfortunately, we needed to get back on the ship by 2:30pm.  If not, we would have to swim to our next destination!  We were back on the ship by 1:30pm, just enough time to have lunch and to get ready for a long afternoon of lessons.  We were supposed to have class with Dr. Barnhart from 3-5 and then again from 6-8.  The kids were very tired by then, and many of them could not help themselves but to fall asleep.  Both lectures were interesting; one was on Mayan astronomy and the other was on Mayan geometry.

After today, I am looking forward to tomorrow's ruin where we will be able to apply today's lecture on geometry by measuring the structures tomorrow.  I may even skip dinner to get a good night's rest which is significant since I never voluntarily skip any meal for no reason! Hahaha~

Frankie





2011年2月1日 星期二

2/1: Day 9 of the Mayan Trip 馬雅探索: 巴赫德博士-馬雅考古專家

Hi, KCBS

I kind of understand why there must be a lot of activities on a cruise ship,because if there aren't, people would go crazy and start to jump overboard! Hahaha!

The kids spent the entire day on the cruise ship, and we had to keep them busy.  Fortunately, figuring things out became our theme for the day!  Breakfast was the first thing.  We figured out that it would be difficult for us to meet as a group and then eat together.  So, we ate separately.  After breakfast, we had some free time before meeting in the China Town room.  We found out that the venue was not suitable for Dr. Barnhart to give a lecture due to the lack of a projector.  So, we had to figure out a way to"entertain" the kids.

In the end, the HASSE staff members played group games and did a lesson on the 7 habits of an effective teenager.  The kids had more fun playing simple things than they had expected; there was more participation than I had anticipated, and the kids laughed a lot!  After lunch, we had to figure out how to keep the kids busy until their 4pm class.  So, we brought the kids to a hairy chest contest,not to participate, but to watch and have some fun!  Following that, we went to a hip-hop dance lesson.  Most of the kids watched; only William, Arielle, and Brenda participated on stage with many others.  Watching hip-hop can be tiring, so there was a rest time from the time the lesson was over until 4pm.

We had the conference room from 4pm to 6pm, and we began our first lecture on the Mayan Civilization.  The kids tried hard to battle against fatigue while Dr. Barnhart gave us the background on the ancient Mayans.  There was a lot of information and Dr. Barnhart has been gracious enough to share his power points. Yay~

What the kids were really looking forward to was the formal dinner party!  The kids were asked to bring a formal outfit, and that was the highlight of the day.  After the class ended around 6pm, the kids were given time to change into their formal attire.  When I went back to my room, I thought I had entered a variation of the body ritual from Nacirema!  I quickly changed and left!  Dr. Barnhart wanted to show us the stars in the sky before dinner, so we met up at the upper deck at 7:30pm.  Dr. Barnhart showed us Jupiter and other constellations that the ancient Mayans might have been able to observe with their naked eyes.  That was interesting!

Somehow, having dinner in formal attire makes the atmosphere and the food different!  The waiters also brightened our dinner time by serenading to us the famous Italian song named L'amour.  (I am uncertain of its origin and spelling)  After dinner, the group posed for group photos just as the entire ship was transformed into a prom setting with different photography moments.  The kids had some free time to walk around in their nice clothes before curfew time.

The girls in my room came back to the room on time because I have reminded them that they needed a good night's sleep.  The ship is going to land at Progreso and we would disembark and head over to our first Mayan destination tomorrow!  I wanted to save my energy, so I fell asleep in the midst of the girls' chattering.  Mayan ruins,here we come!

Frankie