組員：陳銘賢、李承軒、蔡勝威、蔡介成、蔡俊誠
日本飲食文化
基本上江戶時代是日本料理形成的重要階段，平民貴族宴會增加，促進了日本飲食業的發展，並逐漸形成了本膳、卓袱、會席、懷石四大料理，加上新近而富有歷史淵源的精進料理，這五大料理構成了日本料理的基礎。Edo period is an important stage in the formation of Japanese cuisine. The banquet in aristocrat and civilian increased, bring out the development of Japanese cuisine. There are 4 kinds of major ways to cook, adding up with modern and historical delicate cuisine, it constituted these five cooks as the base of the Japanese cuisine.
一、本膳料理
一般分為三菜一湯、五菜二湯、七菜三湯。會做成一定圖形，以示吉利。用膳時也講究規矩，例如：用左手拿著左邊的碗，用右手把蓋放左邊。先用雙手捧起飯碗，放下右手，右手拿筷。每吃兩口飯，就要放一下碗，然後雙手捧起湯碗，喝兩口再放下碗。
Normally,
It separated as 3 dishes with one soup, 5 dishes with 2 soups, or 7 with 3. It
will design the dishes into particular shape, which represent for the lucks.
There are some rules when you are having. First, you needed to use your left
hand to take the bowl and use your right hand to remove the lid. Then, use both
of your hand to lift up the bowl and enjoy your food. In the meanwhile, you
need to use your right hand to pick up the chopsticks, also put the bowl down
after you had eaten 2 bits of foods. And you can start it over from the
beginning.
二、卓袱料理
是指日本式的中國宴席菜，是在日本鎖國時代傳入日本的，一般是用以接待客人專用的宴會料理。卓袱料理是將各種菜品放置於圓形青花瓷盤中分食，與一般日本會席料理是各人以較小的食器裝盛顯然不同。卓袱料理的價格與一般日本宴席料理相近，通常一人份的也要將近一萬日元以上。
Japanese Chinese banquet dishes. It imported
when Japan was during “closed county”. Usually, it was served as received
guests. The food will be put in porcelain and can be share to everyone, which
is unlike the normal banquet course. Usually the price was above 10000 Japanese
dollars even if only one person has the meal.
三、會席料理
不像本膳料理般的注重禮儀形式，吃法也較自由，是會席料理最大特點。因此凡是不受形式規定約束的宴席料理，現今在日本都稱為會席料理。會席料理也開始將世界各國的美味導入，例如日本料理中的「前菜」，即有來自中國料理中的冷盤者。
會席料理 isn’t that formal as 本膳料理.
It
was very causal on eating. Therefore, nowadays causal meal was named會席料理.
Also,
it had been adding some different cuisine, such as the appetizer in Japanese
cuisine. It’s came from the “cold dishes” in chinese.
四、懷石料理
「懷石」的由來原本是與禪宗的修行有關，是指禪宗在修行打坐之時，為了強忍腹中飢餓，故於懷中放置烤過的溫暖石頭，以收止飢禦寒之效。而進行茶道前所進食的懷石料理，乃是在於寓意點飢，避免空腹飲茶以達保護腸胃之效。然而隨著時代進步，已成為現代日本料理中最高級的經典料理。懷石料理的最大特色，就是配合季節，選擇新鮮的海產蔬果調製。
Originally,「懷石」is come from the
words, which related to Zen Buddhism. It means that when people in a religious
practice, they put a warm stone on their stomach in order to bear their
starvation. The biggest feature of it is the seasonal
seafood and vegetable.
日本商業區介紹
一、心齋橋
位於日本大阪府大阪市中央區的商業購物區。一連排的百貨商店與各式專門店等為大阪代表性的中心商務區。心齋橋原為橫跨長堀川的一條橋名稱, 明治6年改建成鐵橋，是當時日本罕有的建築。明治42年，石造的心齋橋落成啟用。昭和39年，長堀川被填平，陸橋被移築。也是我們這是去日本會去的地方。
心齋橋 is located in Osaka’s business shopping section. Shopping malls and
outlets was lining in the front road. The bridge was transformed to a metal
bridge, it was quite special in japan in that time. Few years later, the river
was filled and it became what it was now.
二、道頓堀
道頓堀是一條位於日本大阪府大阪市的運河，以鄰近的戲院、商業及娛樂場所聞名。今日的道頓堀是大阪的一個主要商業區域，沿運河兩岸設有商店街及不少飲食店。河畔的大型霓虹廣告牌，也成為大阪的著名標誌，而蟹道樂總店及門外長30尺的大型蟹模型是道頓堀另一著名地標。
It
was a canal that located in Osaka. It was famous by the cinema, business, and
entertaining. The canal area is the main commercial zone of Osaka, there are
many restaurants and streets on the both side. The neon ad board also become
the famous sign of Osaka.
三、名古屋榮
日本名古屋最熱鬧的「榮」商圈，感覺有點像台北的東區，附近有將近10家百貨公司，所有名古屋最流行、最炫的商店都集中在這個區域，榮地下街更以集合了50家以上的商店、餐廳，東西便宜又正點，而成為名古屋人氣購物地點。榮地下街範圍很大，整個區域大致呈L形，不太容易迷路。
It was the most crowded 「榮」at Nagoya, which is seem
like the East Area in Taipei. There are 10 malls arounds. The most famous shops
were located here. More than 50 restaurants and stores are gathered, the things
are cheap and hot. The range of 榮地下街 are large, the shape of it was like the letter “L”, which isn’t
easy getting lost.
心得：
We
went to 大阪城 this morning. I think it was very beautiful! Then we went to
semboku high school. We ate lunch there, and also experienced kando. Lastly, we
went 心齋橋. I bought a lot of things and I think there
are too large to shopping.
這次日本的食物心得，就是可以品嚐到很多和臺灣不同風味的風格，特別是火鍋類的食物，日本更是常見，新鮮的食材對好吃的火鍋也是很重要的必備品，而日本的海鮮也是世界著名的，好吃的雪場蟹……，逛了日本著名的心齋橋，就像是臺灣的西門町，但多了很多在臺灣買不到的品牌，那裡就是年輕人的天地，藥妝店也是不可獲缺的，今天真的是一個非常令人滿意的一天。
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