日本成田機場的特色
組員：周俊逸、鄭喬云、黃珮茹、吳騏伍
壹、機場簡介
是一座位於日本大阪府泉佐野市的機場，為京阪神都會區和關西地方的主要機場，鄰近有神戶機場、大阪國際機場，位於大阪灣東南部的泉州近海離岸5公里的人工島上。機場於1987年動工興建，於1994年9月4日完工啟用。機場的營運單位為新關西國際空港株式會社。
Is a city located in Osaka, Japan Izumi Sano City Airport, the main airport Keihanshin metropolitan area and Kansai areas near airports have Kobe, Osaka International Airport, located in the southeastern coastal Quanzhou Osaka Bay 5 km offshore artificial island. Airport construction started in 1987, on September 4, 1994 completed and opened. Airport operational units of the new Kansai International Airport Corporation.
貳、位於海上的航空站
長約四．五公里 ，寬約二．五公里 。當地的海水深約 二十公里 ，但海床卻是由大約與海深等厚的軟泥所構成。根據估計，建造人工島所需填入的泥土，將會使海床下沈 十一公尺 。龐大的造島填土工程前後共費時五年，工程所需的泥土取自於附近的兩座山。所有土料以駁船運到傾倒地點，再以連接衛星的電腦，加以計算定位後填入。後來，由於海床沈降深度超過預期，必須填入更多的泥土，因而做成工程進度延後一年。航空建築是以巴黎機場的簡報提議為基礎，經由一九八八年的一項國際建築設計競圖活動所決定，結果由皮亞諾建築工作室與奧雅納工程顧問公司獲選。該團隊的設計構想與機場簡報相符，屬於新型機場的一種，在同一棟航廈內兼納國內國際航線班機，飛機則沿著向外延伸的建築側翼停靠。就這份合約規畫的人工島形式來看，這種狹長的結構較具效率,特別是限定作為機場跑道用。
About four • five kilometers and a width of two • five kilometers. Local water depth of about twenty kilometers, but the sea bed is made about the deep sea and other thick ooze posed. According to estimates, the construction of an artificial island needed to fill the earth, will make the seabed subsidence eleven meters. Built around a huge time-consuming project consists of five islands fill the required engineering soil taken from the vicinity of the two mountains. All soil material to barge into the dump site, then connect the computer satellite, to be filled after calculating positioning. Later, due to the depth of the seabed subsidence than expected, you must fill in more of the soil, and thus delayed the progress made one year. Paris airport aviation construction is proposed based on briefings, as determined by an international architectural design competition Figure activity in 1988, the result was elected with Arup by Renzo Piano Building Workshop. The team's design concept is consistent with the airport briefing, belongs to a new airport terminal building in the same building and is satisfied that the domestic and international flight routes, aircraft construction along the flanks extending outwardly docked. The contract on an artificial island in the form of planning point of view, such a narrow structure is more efficient, particularly in limited use as an airport runway.
參、明確的動線
一開始，動線明確便是最主要的設計目標，必須做到讓入境旅客隨時都能清楚地區別陸側非禁區和機坪限制區(不像許多的其他機場)。為了達到此一目標，設計之初便做了兩項規畫，一是將站內所有商店區(如咖啡廳和免稅店)集中設於夾樓，另外，又在非禁區內建一道狹長的廳廊(稱為「峽谷」)，旅客可以順著外牆邊緣的電梯與電扶梯移動到商當的樓層。峽谷內以藍色與赭黃色為主要裝飾色彩，乍看之下雖然有些突兀,卻是日本傳統建築常用的色調。整個空間的照明主要來自上方,峽谷內亦栽種許多樹木，藉以強調「街道」的概念。離境旅客由高樓層穿越峽谷時,可以一眼看到出境大廳及其弧狀、近乎骨架般的屋頂結構,而這已經變成是關西機場的標誌了。出境大廳屋頂是由一連串格狀鋼桁所組成，其線條呈現強烈的方向性，引導旅客在建築內向前及向下移動，先至海關，再前往下層侯機室。不過，設計時也特別注意到，避免因視覺上的明確性，犧牲了結構的邏輯性：從屋頂到下部整體結構一致，使需要控制的空氣量減到最低。
Initially, moving line is clearly the most important design goals, we must do so that arriving passengers can always clearly distinguish between landside and airfield restricted area (unlike many of the other airports). To achieve this goal, the design will be done both at the beginning of planning, one to the station all the shops area (like coffee shops and duty free) focus located in the mezzanine, in addition, has a built-in non-restricted narrow hall Gallery (known as the "Valley"), visitors can follow the elevators, escalators and moving to the edge of the outer wall when the floor trader. Canyon in blue and ocher yellow as the main decorative colors, although at first glance some unexpected, but it is commonly used in traditional Japanese architecture hue. Illuminating the entire space, mainly from the top, also planted many trees in the valley, in order to emphasize the concept of "street" is. When departing passengers from a high floor through the canyon, you can see at a glance departure hall and arc, almost skeleton-like roof structure, which has become a symbol of the Kansai International Airport. Departure hall roof is a series consisting of a lattice of steel girders, which show a strong directional lines to guide visitors in the building to move forward and downward relative latecomer customs, then go to the lower waiting room. However, the design is also particularly noted avoid visual clarity at the expense of the logical structure: from the roof to the lower part of the overall structure of the same, so the need to control the air-minus to a minimum.
肆、出境大廳
出境大廳屋頂是由一連串格狀鋼桁所組成，其線條呈現強烈的方向性，引導旅客在建築內向前及向下移動，先至海關，再前往下層侯機室。不過，設計時也特別注意到，避免因視覺上的明確性，犧牲了結構的邏輯性：從屋頂到下部整體結構一致，使需要控制的空氣量減到最低。外伸的桁架支柱頗為醒目，讓人聯想到日本建築設計的一項重要考量：抗震。地震區內的建築設計，一般都會依地震風險程度，將部份重量轉移到橫向負量。日本屬於地震高風險區，所以依照建築法規定，關西機場結構物的橫向載重能力，必須超過其本身的重量。如同工程師所津津樂道的，機場建築就算蓋在牆上也能維持平穩，然而當時他們並未預知到這句話很快就面臨考驗。一九九四年一月，工程尚未完成驗收前，神戶地區發生芮氏規模七·二級的大地震，震央距離機場僅有 三十公里 。結果，雖然人工島周圍部分地分因地震而局部下陷，但是航站建築本身，包括結構與外表全然不受損害。大量運用空調與人工照明設備的室內空間，其屋頂天花板常會顯得紛離雜淩亂，但是關西機場大廳卻沒有這樣的問題。解決之道就是在桁架間加裝纖維支架，以捕捉並引導由雕花氣孔排出的氣流，同時藉以反射下方的照明燈光。此項傑出技術設計固然是以提升效能為宗旨，但關西機場的卓越之處，便是在於此能將傑出技術融入整體設計中。
Departure hall roof is a series consisting of a lattice of steel girders, which show a strong directional lines to guide visitors in the building to move forward and downward relative latecomer customs, then go to the lower waiting room. However, the design is also particularly noted avoid visual clarity at the expense of the logical structure: from the roof to the lower part of the overall structure of the same, so the need to control the air-minus to a minimum. Outrigger truss pillar is quite eye-catching, reminiscent of an important consideration in the Japanese architectural design: seismic. Architectural design earthquake zone, usually depending on the degree of risk of an earthquake, the majority of the weight is transferred to the lateral negative amount. Japan is a high risk earthquake zone, so in accordance with the provisions of the Building Act, the lateral load capacity off West airport structures must be more than its own weight. As engineers relish, airport buildings even cover the walls can remain stable, but at that time they did not anticipate that this sentence was soon put to the test. January 1994, the project has not been completed prior to acceptance on the Richter scale occurred Kobe VII • Secondary earthquake, the epicenter is just thirty kilometers from the airport. As a result, although the points around an artificial island in part due to the earthquake and local subsidence, but the terminal building itself, including the structure and appearance of completely not compromised. Extensive use of interior space conditioning and artificial lighting, which often seem confused roof ceiling from miscellaneous messy, but Kansai airport lobby had no such problems. Solution is to install fiber between the truss supports to capture and guided by the carved vent exhaust airflow, while the reflected light in order to illuminate the bottom. This outstanding technology designed for the purpose of course is to enhance the effectiveness, but the excellence of Kansai Airport, is able in this outstanding technology into the overall design.
心得：
周俊逸的心得
這次的教育旅行，我覺得很充實還有感動，為什麼覺得很充實呢?每天都有很多的地方可以讓我們參觀及吸收知識，日本的文化很多元，有很多的生活習慣和我們不同，我們互相體驗不同民族的文化，這是這趟旅程讓我覺得很值得的的地方。那為什麼會很感動呢?來過日本的人都知道，日本人非常的有禮貌，也很客氣，我希望我們可以效法日本的生活習慣，讓我們都能成為有禮貌及讓人尊敬的人。
鄭喬云的心得
經過了幾天的日本校外旅行，我學到了很多也玩的很開心，日本的禮儀、習俗、和當地特色都因為這次的旅行，讓我知道了更深。在日本泉北高中中我看到了很多的日本學生，也和他們做了交流，我也更熟悉了日本的教學方式。在第四天，我們也去了日本的環球影城，和新加坡的有些差，這趟去了日本的環球影城讓我想起了新馬，讓我很懷念之前的美好時光也讓我在這次日本教育旅行有個美好回憶。
After a few days of the Japanese school trip, I learned a lot also very happy to play, the Japanese etiquette, customs, and local specialties, all because of this trip, let me know deeper. North Springs High School in Japan, I saw a lot of Japanese students, too, and they do the exchange, I also more familiar with the Japanese way of teaching. On the fourth day, we went to Universal Studios Japan, and some poor Singapore tour went to Universal Studios Japan, reminds me of a new horse, so I miss the good old days before let me in this Japan educational Travel has a good memories.
黃珮茹的心得
這次的日本校際交流讓我學到了很多,也讓我更加了解日本的文化。不得不說日本真的是一個很棒很乾淨的國家,心齋橋真的很好逛,可惜的是時間太短了,沒辦法買到滿足。然後最最推薦的就是環球影城了！遊樂設施非常刺激,東西可愛又好玩,shopping又可以買的很爽!但日本的氣候真的太冷了,讓住在亞熱帶的我們完全受不住啊!機場也很好逛,有很多小零食可以買。希望下次還可以跟大家一起來日本玩!!
The Japanese school exchanges so I learned a lot, let
me know more about Japanese culture. Have to say that Japan really is a great
very clean country, Shinsaibashi shopping is really good, but unfortunately the
time was too short, no way to get to meet. Then the most recommended is the
Universal Studios! Rides very exciting, something cute and fun, shopping and
can buy cool! But Japan's weather is really cold, so we fully live in the
subtropical could not bear ah! Airport is also very good shopping, there are
many small snacks You can buy it. I hope next time we can work together with
Japan to play !!
吳騏伍的心得
想起過往去日本時，都是陽光普照,悶熱難當的夏日，所以正值冬季的日本之旅，對我來說也許會是一段難忘的回憶。在桃園機場的一陣混亂，前往畢業旅行的師生搭上飛機並到達大阪關西機場。這趟旅行的第一個景點是奈良國立公園，其中充滿著許多現實的梅花鹿和莊嚴宏偉的東大寺。第二個景點是雪場。比較可惜的是我沒有去滑雪，但有幸學會如何作雪球。第三個景點是和服體驗，最令我難忘的就是難走的木屐和冗長的路程。第四個景點是海遊館，裡面有各式各樣的海洋生物。
沒有留言:
張貼留言